Chloride

The ionised form of the gas, chlorine, a component of common salt. Helps regulate water balance in cells, acid-base balance and electrolyte balance. Necessary for the production of hydrochloric acid in stomach acid. Required for the absorption of vitamin B12 and iron and the activation of amylases (carbohydrate digesting enzymes).

FOOD SOURCES

Sea salt, seafood, many cheeses. Many processed foods contain salt.

SUPPLEMENTATION

Not normally necessary (see below). Sea salt supplies sodium and potassium chlorides in the required ratio.

SIGNS OF DEFICIENCY

Alkalosis, nausea, vomiting, confusion, muscle weakness, coma. Deficiency may be caused by excessive vomiting, diarrhea, and salt-free diets.

SIGNS OF TOXICITY

Excessive urination, kidney stress, weakness, confusion. Excessive salt intake can result in coma and death.

DAILY MINIMUM REQUIREMENT

Normal adults, 750mg approx (proportional to body weight)